Shoulder Conditions
The shoulder is a complex joint with various anatomical components that may contribute to pain and symptoms of the shoulder. The assessment of shoulder conditions is based on the history provided as well as a thorough clinical examination and assessment of the imaging investigations. Use of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic injections may also be used to assist with diagnosis and/or to treat the shoulder symptoms prior to recommending surgery in some cases.
Rotator cuff tear
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The rotator cuff is composed of four tendons and is important in maintaining the normal shoulder biomechanics. One or more tendons may be torn in the case of a rotator cuff tear. Treatment is based on the presence of symptoms and a functional assessment. Surgical repair involves placing anchors and sutures to repair the tear during arthroscopic surgery.
Shoulder arthritis
Shoulder arthritis can be painful and debilitating. When the pain is severe shoulder replacement is indicated. There are two types of shoulder replacements: reverse total shoulder replacement and conventional shoulder replacement. The type required is dependent on the bony anatomy and the soft tissues surrounding the shoulder.
The AC joint
The acromioclavicular joint is a small joint between the acromion of the shoulder blade and the clavicle. It is a small joint but large forces cross the joint with movement of the arm, leading to a high rate of degeneration of the joint. The joint may become unstable as a result of sports injury or trauma. The joint may develop arthritis as a result of certain types or work or the general aging process.
Shoulder dislocation
Shoulder instability can cause pain and limit ability to participate in sport or undertake activities of daily living and work. Surgery involves repair of the torn labrum together with the capsule to restore shoulder stability and function.
Biceps tendonitis
The biceps tendon runs along the humerus into the shoulder joint and is frequent inflamed or torn causing pain with shoulder movement and pain at the front of the shoulder. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and the results of investigations. Treatment may be in the form of a corticosteroid injection or surgery in refractory cases.
